Rayon Thread
PREPARATION OF RAYON THREADS FROM VARIOUS CELLULOSE SOURCES. -CHEMISTRY PROJECT-ANY HELP?
iI have to make a project on this any help about the matter or any suggestions?
Rayon
Rayon is made from cellulose obtained from wood pulp. Cellulose is a naturally occurring polymer. Threads made from rayon have silk like appearance and therefore it is called artificial silk.
Preparation of rayon
The starting material for rayon is the cellulose in the wood pulp. The following raw materials are needed for the manufacture of rayon :
Cellulose (C6H10O5)n in the form of wood pulp.
The first step in the manufacture of rayon is to make viscose. Viscose is a syrup like liquid which forms when cellulose is treated with NaOH and CS2. Viscose is a thick viscous liquid. The reaction is shown below.
The viscose is made to pass through a cylindrical drum, which has fine holes on it. The viscose is forced through these holes as a fine jet. The cylinder is called a spinneret. The threads formed are collected in a dilute sulphuric acid medium. Since the viscose solution has NaOH, it is slightly alkaline in nature. By treating the viscose fibers in dilute sulphuric acid, the fibers are neutralized. The fine threads are called viscose rayon or just rayon.
Rayon thread is fine and silk like in nature and shines like silk. Rayon is sometimes known as a regenerated fiber because in its process the cellulose is regenerated in another form.
Uses of rayon
Rayon is used in garment and textile industries. Some saree and shirt materials are made from rayon.
Rayon is used in the tyre industry for making cords used in tyres.
Rayon mixed with wool and other fibers is used in carpet industry.
Rayon is used in medical and pharmaceutical industry for making bandages, bottles, bags, etc.
PREPARATION OF RAYON
PREPARATION OF RAYON
BY CUPRAMMONIUM PROCESS
Introduction
Cellulose is the chief structural component to which plants owe their rigidity and form. Cellulose is natural polymeric material having fibrous structure. It is the principal component of the covering of plant cells. Cellulose represented by the formula (C6H10O5) is a linear polymer containing glucose units. Wood, cotton and other plant materials are the main sources of cellulose. In the pure form cellulose is present in cotton(98%) while in wood it is about 50% of the mass of dry wood.
Cellulose can be converted into cupra silk, acetate rayon and viscose rayon depending upon the method of treatment it undergoes while forming rayon. Between 1890 and 1895, German scientists Fremery and urban developed the manufacture of rayon from cellulose. They based their process on the observation that cellulose is soluble in ammoniacal copper oxide and can be regenerated from solution by adding acid. Cellulose is an insoluble material; however it is found to dissolve in cuprammoniam complex..[Cu(NH3)4](OH)2, known as Schweitzer’s reagent. It is regenerated from solution by adding sulphuric acid. Thus rayon is ‘regenerated cellulose’ and it is used for making fabrics like stockings, shirts etc.
Aim of the projects
The main objective of the project is to illustrate the preparation of rayon by the cuprammonium process. Instead of wood pulp as the cellulose source, attempt is done to make use of raw cellulose products such as waste paper(un-printed), filter paper etc.
Apparatus and chemicals
Beakers(250 ml.)
Conical flask(250ml.)
Filter flask
Funnel,glass rod
Sodium hydroxide solution
Copper sulphate
50% Ammonia solution
Filter paper strips
Syringe
Procedure
until a precipitate is formed. Add NaOH solution to complete precipitation. Filter off the precipitate and wash it with water two or three times until the washing does not give a precipitate with barium chloride solution. Tranfer the precipitate into a beaker and add 50 ml. of liquid ammonia.. The precipitate dissolves giving a deep blue transparent solution. This is known as Schweitzer’s reagent.
Cut few filter paper strips (about 1g) intosmall pieces and add them into the cuprammoniam reagent taken into a conical flask. Close the flask with a cork and keep it over night. When all the pieces of filter paper have dissolved, the solution will be viscous(called viscose).
The viscous solution is drawn into a syringe. Keeping the nozzle of a syringe inside 5M sulphuric acid solution taken in a beaker, the solution in the syringe is forced into the acid solution. Move the nozzle of the syringe in the acid solution continuously to form long filaments of rayon in the acid solution. The beaker containing rayon fibers is allowed to stand undistributed until the blue colour of the rayon filaments disappears and becomes white. Remove the rayon threads from the acid bath, wash with water and dry using filter paper.
Result
Mass of filter paper strips used = …..g
Mass of rayon thread formed = ……..g
All The Best.
http://rajichemworld.blogspot.com/
San Juan Weavers, Lake Atitlan Guatemala
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